题图：国家党的福利政策受到健康和残疾倡导者的批评 National’s welfare policy was criticised by health and disability advocates Credits: Newshub
【澳纽网编译】2019年福利专家咨询小组的成员否认国家党的说法，即他们的报告支持该党对一些求职者实施更严厉的制裁。
国家党社会发展发言人Louise Upston在周二接受Checkpoint采访时为国家党提出的政策进行了辩护，称该政策将使制度更容易理解。
该政策将逐渐加强对未能满足求职义务的受益人的限制，增加对社区服务提供者而非部门的支持，并为离开福利超过一年的长期受益人提供1000纽币的奖金。
Upston说：“例如，如果存在问题，例如他们随后进入橙色，他们将获得额外的支持。”
在被要求提供制裁如何帮助受益人就业的证据时，她提到了WEAG的报告：“在他们的结论中，其中一项评论说，它们可以有效地鼓励从福利到工作的转变”。
然而，报告本身似乎没有这么说。
之后被要求指出这一证据时，Upston提到了社会发展部为WEAG准备的2018年证据摘要，该摘要称“比新西兰更严格的制度表明它们可以起到作用”。
Upston表示，“制裁有效的证据是，在过去国家党政府任期结束时，Jobseeker福利的人数减少了6万人。
“在工党执政期间，制裁的松散应用已经使福利依赖加剧。尽管企业已经在寻找员工的时候大声疾呼了两年，但在工党政府下，福利依赖猛增。
该小组于2019年2月发布了其最终报告，该小组的前成员告诉RNZ，国家党的说法与报告的发现不符。
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这包括社会政策研究员Charles Waldegrave，他说Upston所指的是证据摘要，支持制裁的人是少数。
“她所指的绝对是被提出的观点中的少数。绝大多数关于制裁的研究都表明，在与低收入家庭一起使用时，它是适得其反的。”
他说，国家党的政策建议将福利增加与CPI通货膨胀保持一致，而不是通货膨胀或工资增长中的较高者。
“（通货膨胀）实际上并没有覆盖住房的所有成本。而住房对于目前的任何新西兰人来说都是一个巨大的开支 – 尤其是低收入人群。”
工党没有取消所有制裁，但确实取消了一些制裁，并减少了发放给受益人的制裁数量。
Waldegrave说，制裁“羞辱”了受福利的人，通常意味着他们无法找到工作。
“特别是如果有休假期，我的意思是，基本上意味着人们和家庭中的儿童没有收入。
“实际上，找到工作需要很多成本，人们需要这个机会，我们看到的大多数家庭实际上真的很困难 – 想要工作，但真的很困难。”
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另一位小组成员，儿童贫困行动小组的Innes Asher，表示国家党的政策“是一件可怕的事情，因为它会伤害孩子”。
她说Upston断章取义，报告的大部分内容与国家党的方法不符。
WEAG的报告多次提到制裁，包括：
“经验主义文献没有为福利制度中的义务和制裁是否带来所期望的行为改变提供单一的总体答案”（第41页）
“甚至更少的证据表明，与预期的行为修改目标相比，与非工作相关的义务和相关制裁的应用目前令人担忧”（第41页）
新西兰（和其他地方）义务和制裁的应用存在问题（第41页）
它“不支持继续使用财务制裁制度”，除了财务损失超过10％之外
“几乎没有证据支持使用义务和制裁（如当前系统）来改变行为; 相反，有研究表明它们加重了社会伤害和脱节”
制裁随着时间的推移“导致了福利体系中许多人所面临的困境”。
报告称：“大量的义务失败存在争议（46%），而几乎所有争议（98%）都得到了维持，失败被推翻。”
“A high number of obligation failures are disputed (46 percent) and almost all (98 percent) of these disputes are upheld with the failure being overturned,” the report said.
来源RNZ
分类： 澳纽资讯(即时多来源) 新西兰英语新闻 New Zealand English News
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