The four-page Treaty Principles Bill has been introduced and will be debated in Parliament next week.
四页的《条约原则法案》已经提出，将于下周在议会进行辩论。

As with all bills, the text begins with an explanatory note, includes links to some of the advice provided about it, such as a regulatory impact statement, and sets out the specific wording the law would change if enacted.
与所有法案一样，文本以解释性说明开头，包括指向所提供的一些建议的链接，例如监管影响声明，并列出了法律在颁布后将更改的具体措辞。

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All parties other than ACT have committed to voting the bill down at the second reading after it has been to select committee, which would stop it from passing into law.
除 ACT 以外的所有政党都承诺在将法案提交特别委员会后，在二读时投票否决该法案，这将阻止该法案通过成为法律。

The bill states it would set out the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi in legislation, and requires those principles to be used when interpreting legislation, where relevant.
该法案指出，它将在立法中规定《怀唐伊条约》的原则，并要求在解释相关立法时使用这些原则。

The bill’s final clause states nothing in the bill would amend the text of the Treaty of Waitangi or Te Tiriti o Waitangi.
该法案的最后一条款规定，该法案中的任何内容都不会修改《怀唐伊条约》或 Te Tiriti o Waitangi 的文本。

The principles set out in the bill as introduced are:
提出的法案中规定的原则是：

• Principle 1: The Executive Government of New Zealand has full power to govern, and the Parliament of New Zealand has full power to make laws, (a) in the best interests of everyone; and (b) in accordance with the rule of law and the maintenance of a free and democratic society.
  原则 1：新西兰行政政府拥有全权施政，新西兰议会拥有制定法律的全部权力，（a） 符合每个人的最佳利益;及 （b） 根据法治和维护自由民主社会。
• Principle 2: (1) The Crown recognises, and will respect and protect, the rights that hapū and iwi Māori had under the Treaty of Waitangi/te Tiriti o Waitangi at the time they signed it. (2) However, if those rights differ from the rights of everyone, subclause (1) applies only if those rights are agreed in the settlement of a historical treaty claim under the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975
  原则 2：（1） 政府承认并将尊重和保护 hapū 和 iwi 毛利人在签署《怀唐伊条约》时根据该条约所享有的权利。（2） 但是，如果这些权利与每个人的权利不同，则第 （1） 款仅适用于根据 1975 年《怀唐伊条约法案》解决历史性条约索赔时同意这些权利的情况
• Principle 3: (1) Everyone is equal before the law. (2) Everyone is entitled, without discrimination, to (a) the equal protection and equal benefit of the law; and (b) the equal enjoyment of the same fundamental human rights.
  原则 3：（1） 法律面前人人平等。（2） 人人有权不受歧视地享有 （a） 法律的平等保护和平等利益;以及 （b） 平等享有相同的基本人权。

The bill also states that principles of the Treaty “other than those set out” by the Treaty Principles Bill “must not be used to interpret an enactment”, and clarifies that the Treaty Principles Bill does not apply to the interpretation of a Treaty settlement Act or the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 in relation to historical treaty claims.
该法案还规定，《条约原则法案》“规定之外”的条约原则“不得用于解释成文法”，并澄清《条约原则法案》不适用于对《条约解决法》或 1975 年《怀唐伊条约法》与历史条约索赔的解释。

Read more: 阅读更多：

• Explainer: The history of the Treaty Principles Bill
  解读：《条约原则法案》的历史

The bill’s champion, ACT’s David Seymour, hailed the introduction of the bill in a media release saying the principles of the Treaty “are not going anywhere”.
该法案的倡导者、ACT 的大卫·西摩 （David Seymour） 在一份媒体新闻稿中对该法案的提出表示欢迎，称该条约的原则“不会消失”。

“Either Parliament can define them, or the courts will continue to meddle in this area of critical political and constitutional importance. The purpose of the Treaty Principles Bill is for Parliament to define the principles of the Treaty, provide certainty and clarity, and promote a national conversation about their place in our constitutional arrangements.”
“要么国会可以定义它们，要么法院将继续干预这个具有关键政治和宪法重要性的领域。《条约原则法案》的目的是让议会定义条约的原则，提供确定性和明确性，并促进关于它们在我们的宪法安排中的地位的全国对话。

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He noted a change made to the earlier version, with the second principle having been narrowed “to provide that the rights of hapū and iwi differ from the rights everyone has a reasonable expectation to enjoy only when those rights are agreed to as part of a Treaty settlement. This has occurred because the previous wording was too broad”.
他指出，对早期版本进行了修改，第二项原则被缩小了范围，“规定 hapū 和 iwi 的权利不同于每个人只有在作为条约解决的一部分达成一致时才能合理期望享有的权利。发生这种情况是因为之前的措辞过于宽泛”。

He said the Treaty itself would not be changed, just the way it was interpreted in law.
他说，条约本身不会改变，只是在法律上解释它的方式。

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Timeline

• Bill introduced to Parliament 7 November
  11 月 7 日向国会提交的法案
• Hīkoi protesting the bill begins on 10 November, departing Cape Reinga on the 11th, to arrive at Parliament on 19 November
  抗议该法案的 Hīkoi 于 11 月 10 日开始，于 11 日离开雷因格角，于 11 月 19 日抵达国会
• First reading debate on the bill during the week of 11-15 November. Prime Minister Christopher Luxon will not be in the country during that reading
  在 11 月 11 日至 15 日这一周对法案进行一读辩论。总理克里斯托弗·卢克森 （Christopher Luxon） 在宣读期间将不在该国
• After first reading, Bill to be sent to select committee for six-month public hearing process
  一读后，法案将送交特别委员会进行为期六个月的公开听证程序
• After select committee, Bill to be sent for second reading debate in Parliament – where all parties but ACT have promised to vote it down
  在特别委员会之后，法案将送交议会进行二读辩论——除 ACT 外，所有政党都承诺将其否决

Kerfuffle over early introduction
对早期引入的争论

News broke on Tuesday that the bill would be introduced to Parliament this week – a fortnight earlier than had previously been expected.
周二有消息称，该法案将于本周提交议会——比之前预期的提前了两周。

The change in timing came as the Waitangi Tribunal scrambled to publish the second part of its report on the Bill, and the treaty clause review set out in NZ First’s coalition agreement.
时间的变化是在怀唐伊法庭匆忙公布其关于该法案的报告的第二部分以及 NZ First 联盟协议中规定的条约条款审查之际发生的。

It was a scramble because the Tribunal is typically unable to publish material related to government bills once they have been introduced.
这是一场争夺战，因为一旦政府法案被提出，法庭通常就无法公布与政府法案相关的材料。

Once it had been notified of the changed timing through an official memo from the government, it then informed the lawyers presenting evidence for its report so they could submit all their evidence in time.
一旦通过政府的官方备忘录得知时间变更，它就会通知为其报告提供证据的律师，以便他们及时提交所有证据。

Seymour accused the Tribunal of breaking the government’s trust over the matter.
西摩指责法庭破坏了政府对此事的信任。

Te Pāti Māori co-leader Rawiri Waititi also condemned the earlier introduction, saying he believed it was aimed at halting the planned hīkoi. (The organisers have said they would not reschedule the hīkoi.)
Te Pāti Māori 联合领袖 Rawiri Waititi 也谴责了早期的引入，称他认为这是为了阻止计划中的 hīkoi。（组织者表示，他们不会重新安排 hīkoi。

Seymour said it was “much ado about nothing”, however, and the change in date was simply part of normal Parliamentary processes.
然而，西摩表示，这是“无事生非”，日期的更改只是正常议会程序的一部分。

That’s somewhat backed up by most of the political parties, with Labour’s Chris Hipkins saying they would not normally expect to be informed of a change in the date of introduction. The Greens, meanwhile, welcomed having the detail of the bill to scrutinise.
这在一定程度上得到了大多数政党的支持，工党的克里斯·希普金斯（Chris Hipkins）表示，他们通常不会期望被告知推出日期的变化。与此同时，绿党欢迎对法案的细节进行审查。

Prime Minister Christopher Luxon on Thursday defended the timing of the bill’s introduction, saying he totally disagreed with the suggestion it was shifted to avoid the hīkoi.
周四，总理克里斯托弗·卢克森（Christopher Luxon）为该法案的提出时机进行了辩护，称他完全不同意为避免 hīkoi 而改变法案的建议。

“Totally disagree … we’ve got a lot of legislation to do between now and Christmas and what we’re doing here is when legislation becomes available – in this case it was a couple of weeks earlier, it was drafted, and the legislation’s ready to go – we move legislation around all the time, so it’s not unusual at all.”
“完全不同意……从现在到圣诞节，我们有很多立法要做，我们在这里做的是当立法可用时——在这种情况下，它是在几周前，它已经起草好了，立法已经准备好了——我们一直在移动立法，所以这并不罕见。

Luxon will not be in Parliament today for the bill’s official tabling in the Debating Chamber.
在国会的辩论室正式提交该法案时卢克森今天将不会在场。

He will also not be in Parliament for the First Reading debate set down for next Thursday, as he will be in Peru for the APEC meeting. He will be at Parliament on the week of the planned hīkoi.
他也不会在国会参加定于下周四举行的一读辩论，因为他将在秘鲁参加 APEC 会议。他将在计划中的 hīkoi 的那一周出现在国会。

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Tribunal’s findings

The Tribunal’s second report on the bill found that:
审裁处关于该法案的第二份报告认为：

• The Crown’s process to develop the Bill has purposefully excluded any consultation with Māori, breaching the principle of partnership, the Crown’s good-faith obligations, and the Crown’s duty to actively protect Māori rights and interests
  政府制定该法案的过程故意排除了与毛利人的任何协商，违反了合作原则、政府的诚信义务以及政府积极保护毛利人权利和利益的义务
• This policy process is in breach of the principle of good government, as Cabinet has decided to progress the Bill despite it being a policy that is not evidence-based, has not been adequately tested, has not been consulted upon, and fails regulatory standards
  这一政策过程违反了善政原则，因为内阁决定推进该法案，尽管该法案是一项没有证据的政策，没有经过充分的测试，没有被咨询，也没有达到监管标准
• The proposed content of the Bill does not reflect the texts or meaning of the Treaty/te Tiriti
  该法案的拟议内容不反映 Treaty/te Tiriti 的文本或含义
• Principle 1 misinterprets the kāwanatanga granted to the Crown in 1840, which is not an unbridled power restrained only by its own sense of what is in the best interests of everyone
  原则 1 误解了 1840 年授予王室的 kāwanatanga，它不是一个不受约束的权力，只受其自身对符合每个人最佳利益的感觉的约束
• Cabinet’s approval of Principle 2 for introduction in a Bill was found to be a breach of the principles of tino rangatiratanga, kāwanatanga, partnership, and active protection
  内阁批准在法案中引入原则 2 被认定违反了 tino rangatiratanga、kāwanatanga、伙伴关系和积极保护的原则
• Principle 2, if enacted, would revoke the promises and guarantees the Queen made to Māori in 1840
  原则 2 如果颁布，将撤销女王在 1840 年对毛利人做出的承诺和保证
• Principle 3 bears no resemblance to the meaning of article 3 and that Cabinet’s decision to introduce the principle in a Bill was a breach of the Treaty/te Tiriti principles of partnership, equity, and active protection
  原则 3 与第 3 条的含义没有相似之处，内阁决定在法案中引入该原则违反了条约/te Tiriti 的伙伴关系、公平和积极保护原则
• These breaches caused significant prejudice to Māori
  这些违规行为对毛利人造成了重大损害
• Māori would be particularly prejudiced by the extinguishment of tino rangatiratanga in a legal sense if the Bill were to be enacted
  如果该法案得以颁布，毛利人将特别受到法律意义上 tino rangatiratanga (主权) 的消灭的偏见
• The new principles would advance the discredited agenda of assimilation, as they are designed to end the distinct status of Māori as the indigenous people of this country
  新原则将推进名誉扫地的同化议程，因为它们旨在结束毛利人作为该国土著人民的独特地位
• Even if the Bill were not enacted, Cabinet’s decision to introduce the Bill would prejudice Māori by further damaging the Māori-Crown relationship, and Māori would feel the brunt of the social disorder and division, including through the select committee process.
  即使该法案没有颁布，内阁提出该法案的决定也会进一步损害毛利人与王室的关系，从而对毛利人产生偏见，毛利人将首当其冲地受到社会混乱和分裂的影响，包括通过特别委员会程序。
• If the Government does not abandon the Bill, the Tribunal recommended that, given the constitutional significance of the issue, the Bill be referred to the Tribunal under section 8(2) of the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975
  如果政府不放弃该法案，仲裁庭建议，鉴于该问题的宪法意义，根据 1975 年《怀唐伊条约法》第 8（2） 条将该法案提交给仲裁庭

Seymour told RNZ he had not read the report in full, but he had seen summaries.
西摩告诉 RNZ，他没有完整阅读过这份报告，但他看到了摘要。

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“Their criticism is not surprising, in fact it’s expected because the Treaty Principles Bill by defining the principles does the job that they’ve been supposed to do for the last 48 years, so it’s not surprising that they resent that job being done by Parliament.
“他们的批评并不奇怪，事实上这是意料之中的，因为《条约原则法案》通过定义原则完成了他们在过去 48 年中应该做的工作，所以他们对国会所做的这项工作感到不满也就不足为奇了。”

“Parliament asked them to do it in 1975, and Parliament has the right to say ‘Well, if you haven’t done a very good job we’re going to do it for you’.”
“议会在 1975 年要求他们这样做，国会有权说’好吧，如果你做得不是很好，我们会为你做这件事’。”

He pushed back at the suggestion his bill was not a faithful interpretation.
他反驳了关于他的法案没有忠实解释的说法。

“I’d just make the argument that any interpretation of the Treaty must be consistent with a liberal democracy and give equal rights to each person that has to live in this country, as the only country they have.
“我只想说，对条约的任何解释都必须符合自由民主，并赋予必须生活在这个国家的每个人平等的权利，因为他们是唯一拥有的国家。

“Their version says that the Treaty is a partnership and that some people are in partnership with the Crown and others are not. Their version is inconsistent with a liberal democratic framework and that’s why I think it’s time for Parliament to step in and say ‘actually we do want to respect the treaty, we’d like to honour the treaty, but in a way that gives equal rights to all because that’s how liberal democracy works.”
“他们的版本说，条约是一种伙伴关系，有些人与王室合作，而另一些人则不是。他们的版本与自由民主框架不一致，这就是为什么我认为现在是国会介入并说’实际上我们确实想尊重条约的时候了，我们想尊重条约，但要以一种给予所有人平等权利的方式，因为这就是自由民主的运作方式。

来源：RNZ

分类： 澳纽资讯

(即时多来源) 新西兰英语新闻 New Zealand English News

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