题图：含糖和人工调味的饮料以及热狗等超加工肉类与癌症和其他疾病的发展有显着关联。图片来源：bit245 / iStockphoto / Getty Images
【澳纽网编译】”This paper reports a 9 percent increase in risk of multimorbidity to be associated with higher intake of ultra-processed food,” Sanders said in a statement.
桑德斯在一份声明中说：“这篇论文报告说，多病症的风险增加了9%，这与超加工食品的摄入量增加有关。
“Food intake was measured by a questionnaire on one occasion a long time ago. This is important as dietary patterns have changed quite markedly in the past 25 years with more food eaten outside the home and more ready prepared food being purchased,” Sanders said.
“很久以前，食物摄入量是通过问卷调查来衡量的。这很重要，因为在过去的25年里，饮食模式发生了相当大的变化，更多的食物在外面吃，更多的现成食品被购买，“桑德斯说。
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While the study cannot conclusively prove that ultra-processed foods are the direct cause of the multiple diseases, a good deal of other research has shown a connection between certain ultra-processed foods (UPF) and health harms, said nutrition researcher Ian Johnson, emeritus fellow at Quadram Institute Bioscience in Norwich, United Kingdom. He was not involved in the study.
虽然这项研究不能最终证明超加工食品是多种疾病的直接原因，但许多其他研究表明某些超加工食品（UPF）与健康危害之间存在联系，营养研究员伊恩·约翰逊（Ian Johnson）说，他是英国诺里奇Quadram生物科学研究所的名誉研究员。他没有参与这项研究。
“Taken with all the other scientific evidence it is very likely that some types of UPF do increase the risk of later disease, either because they are directly harmful or because they replace healthier foods such as vegetables, fruit, nuts, seeds, olive oils, etc,” Johnson said in a statement.
约翰逊在一份声明中说：“结合所有其他科学证据，某些类型的UPF很可能确实会增加以后患病的风险，要么是因为它们直接有害，要么是因为它们取代了更健康的食物，如蔬菜，水果，坚果，种子，橄榄油等。
The study’s findings are concerning because in Europe ultra-processed foods make up “more than half of our daily food intake,” said co-author Heinz Freisling, a nutrition and metabolism scientist at the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in a statement. In the United States, a 2019 study estimated some 71 percent of the food supply may be ultra-processed.
该研究的结果令人担忧，因为在欧洲，超加工食品占“我们每日食物摄入量的一半以上”，共同作者、国际癌症研究机构营养和代谢科学家海因茨·弗赖斯林在一份声明中说。在美国，2019年的一项研究估计，大约71%的食品供应可能是超加工的。
Ultra-processed foods contain ingredients “never or rarely used in kitchens, or classes of additives whose function is to make the final product palatable or more appealing,” according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
根据联合国粮食及农业组织的说法，超加工食品含有“从未或很少在厨房中使用过的成分，或用于使最终产品更可口或更具吸引力的添加剂类别”。
The list of additives includes preservatives to resist mould and bacteria; emulsifiers to keep incompatible ingredients from separating; artificial colourings and dyes; anti-foaming, bulking, bleaching, gelling and glazing agents; and added or altered sugar, salt and fats designed to make food more appealing.
添加剂清单包括防腐剂，以抵抗霉菌和细菌;乳化剂，防止不相容成分分离;人工色素和染料;消泡剂、膨胀剂、漂白剂、胶凝剂和上光剂;添加或改变糖、盐和脂肪，使食物更具吸引力。
Not all ultra-processed foods were harmful
并非所有超加工食品都是有害的
The study, published Monday in the journal The Lancet, collected dietary information from 266,666 men and women from seven European countries between 1992 and 2000. Researchers followed the participants for 11 years to see who developed various chronic conditions, including cancer.
这项研究周一发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上，收集了1992年至2000年间来自七个欧洲国家的266,666名男性和女性的饮食信息。研究人员对参与者进行了11年的跟踪调查，以了解谁患上了各种慢性病，包括癌症。
当他们进入研究时，每个人都被要求回忆他们在过去12个月中通常吃的东西，研究人员通过NOVA分类系统对食物进行分类，该系统不仅关注营养成分，还关注食物的制作方式。
“To estimate it researchers had to break down foods into different ingredients to try and work out if it is ultra-processed or not,” said Duane Mellor, a registered dietitian and senior teaching fellow at Aston Medical School in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Mellor was not involved in the study.
“为了估计它，研究人员必须将食物分解成不同的成分，以试图弄清楚它是否经过超加工，”英国伯明翰阿斯顿医学院的注册营养师和高级教学研究员Duane Mellor说。Mellor没有参与这项研究。
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“This approach, especially as the food data is up to 30 years old, could make this type of interpretation of historical data using a modern definition open to error,” Mellor said in a statement.
Mellor在一份声明中说：“这种方法，特别是因为食品数据已经有30年的历史了，可能会使这种使用现代定义对历史数据的解释容易出错。
When ultra-processed foods were examined by subgroups, not all appeared to be associated with developing multiple chronic conditions, said lead author Reynalda Córdova, a postdoctoral student in pharmaceutical, nutritional and sport sciences at the University of Vienna.
当超加工食品按亚组进行检查时，并非所有食品似乎都与多种慢性病有关，主要作者、维也纳大学制药、营养和运动科学博士后Reynalda Córdova说。
“While certain groups, such as animal products and artificially and sugar-sweetened beverages, were associated with increased risk, other groups, such as ultra-processed breads and cereals or alternative plant-based products, showed no association with risk,” Córdova said in a statement.
科尔多瓦在一份声明中说：“虽然某些群体，如动物产品、人工和含糖饮料，与风险增加有关，但其他群体，如超加工面包和谷物或替代植物性产品，与风险无关。
“Our study emphasizes that it is not necessary to completely avoid ultra-processed foods; rather, their consumption should be limited, and preference be given to fresh or minimally processed foods,” co-author Freisling said in a statement.
“我们的研究强调，没有必要完全避免超加工食品;相反，他们的消费应该受到限制，并优先考虑新鲜或最低限度加工的食品，“合著者弗赖斯林在一份声明中说。
来源：CNN
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